German Naval Mutiny at Kiel

Sailors of the German High Seas Fleet at Kiel mutinied when ordered to sea for a final suicidal battle against the Royal Navy. The mutiny spread rapidly to other ports and to civilians, forming workers' and soldiers' councils (Räte) modeled on Russian soviets. The German Revolution spread to Munich, where a socialist republic was proclaimed on November 7. Kaiser Wilhelm II was urged to abdicate by his generals to prevent full revolution.