UN Fact-Finding Mission: Transnational Networks Spanning UAE, Colombia, Chad, Libya and Somalia Fuel RSF War Effort

The UN Human Rights Council-mandated Fact-Finding Mission for Sudan reported on September 3, 2026 that it found reasonable grounds to believe a transnational network of companies and individuals based in the UAE, Colombia, Chad, Libya, and Somalia supplied the RSF with weapons, logistics, training, and foreign personnel — including roughly 2,000 Colombian contractors operating combat drones and advanced weapons systems across Darfur and Kordofan. Mission chair Mohamad Chande Othman said 'this external support has not brought greater protection for civilians. Instead, civilians are paying the price through attacks on homes, hospitals, schools, markets and places of refuge,' and investigators linked foreign-trained fighters to the 2025 Zamzam camp and El Fasher massacres. Both the SAF and RSF have received enhanced drone capabilities from foreign backers, the report found, documenting drone attacks on civilian infrastructure by both sides that may amount to war crimes, and it urged the Security Council to expand the arms embargo Sudan-wide with stronger enforcement.