Constitution of 1917 — World's First Socialist Constitution

The Constitution of 1917, drafted at a Constituent Congress in Querétaro organized by Carranza, incorporated unprecedented social rights: Article 27 (state ownership of subsoil resources, land reform authority), Article 123 (8-hour workday, minimum wage, right to strike, equal pay), Article 3 (free secular public education), Article 130 (strict separation of church and state). These 'social guarantees' made Mexico's constitution the most progressive in the world at the time. February 5 is Mexico's Constitution Day national holiday.