Zapata Issues Plan de Ayala — Demands Land Reform Madero Refused

Emiliano Zapata broke with President Madero and issued the Plan de Ayala, drafted with schoolteacher Otilio Montaño, on November 25, 1911. The plan declared Madero a traitor for failing to implement land reform, named Pascual Orozco as revolutionary leader (Zapata himself would lead), and proclaimed: 'The lands, forests, and water usurped by haciendas... will be immediately restored to the communities.' The Plan de Ayala remains the most cited document in Mexican agrarian history.