Treaty of Córdoba Signed — Spain Formally Recognizes Mexican Independence

On August 24, 1821, Agustín de Iturbide and the last Spanish Viceroy Juan O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba in Veracruz, formally recognizing Mexican independence. The treaty acknowledged the Plan de Iguala and established Mexico as a constitutional monarchy with a European prince to be invited as emperor. When no European prince accepted, Iturbide himself was crowned. The Spanish Cortes repudiated the treaty, but it was too late — Mexico's independence was irreversible.