Plan de Iguala — Conservative-Liberal Alliance Seals Independence

Royalist General Agustín de Iturbide, sensing Spain's weakness after the Riego constitutional revolt, met with independence guerrilla leader Vicente Guerrero and proposed the Plan de Iguala — the 'Three Guarantees': (1) independence, (2) Catholicism as official religion, (3) equality of criollos and gachupines. The plan united conservative criollos (who feared liberal Spain) with independence insurgents. The resulting Army of the Three Guarantees swept royalist resistance.