Algerian Independence — End of French Empire

Following the Évian Accords (March 18, 1962), Algeria achieves independence, ending 132 years of French colonial rule. Over one million European settlers (pieds-noirs) and 90,000 pro-French Algerians (Harkis) flee to France. De Gaulle escapes multiple assassination attempts by the OAS (Organisation de l'armée secrète). Algerian independence marks the effective end of the French colonial empire.