Ottoman Empire Enters War on Central Powers Side

Ottoman warships (including former German vessels SMS Goeben and Breslau, now under Ottoman flags) bombarded the Russian Black Sea ports of Sevastopol, Odessa, and Novorossiysk, drawing the Ottoman Empire into the war on the German side. The Empire's entry opened new fronts in the Middle East, Caucasus, and Gallipoli, and contributed to its eventual dissolution. Russia, Britain, and France declared war on the Ottomans in early November.