Heavy Fighting in El Espinal — Burned Vehicles, Mass Flight

Intense fighting between La Chapiza (Chapitos) and La Mayiza forces is documented in El Espinal, Concordia municipality, on January 4, 2025. Multiple burned-out vehicles are photographed by journalists. Residents of the surrounding area flee en masse. Concordia eventually records the highest total number of displaced families of any municipality in the conflict — 261 families by mid-2025.