Cananea Copper Mine Strike — Workers Demand Equality, Massacred

Workers at the US-owned Cananea Consolidated Copper Company in Sonora struck on June 1, 1906 demanding equal pay with American workers, an 8-hour workday, and Mexican foremen. The strike was violently suppressed with help from Arizona Rangers (who crossed the border illegally) and Díaz's rurales, killing approximately 23 workers. The Cananea strike is considered the precursor to the Mexican Revolution — demonstrating that even the most 'modern' Porfirian enterprises rested on racial inequality and state repression.