End of the Hundred Years' War — France Expels the English

France's victory at the Battle of Castillon (July 17, 1453) and the surrender of Bordeaux mark the definitive end of English rule in mainland France, except for Calais (held until 1558). The war reshapes French identity: a kingdom under a strong centralized monarchy emerges, with a sense of national loyalty replacing feudal allegiance. England retains only the Channel Islands as a remnant of its French territories.