China Cybersecurity Law Takes Effect — Data Localization Mandated

China's comprehensive Cybersecurity Law enters into force, requiring all 'critical information infrastructure' operators to store Chinese users' personal data and important business data within China. Foreign companies operating in China — including Apple, LinkedIn, and Google — must either localize data or exit the market. The law establishes the legal foundation for China's 'data sovereignty' regime and becomes a template for similar laws in Russia, India, and Vietnam.