National Court Admits Ceuta as Injured Party, Judge Cites Morocco 'Hybrid Warfare'

Audiencia Nacional judge María Tardón formally admits the Autonomous City of Ceuta as a private prosecution party ('acusación particular') in her criminal investigation into the July 30-31 mass crossing, ruling that Ceuta was a 'direct victim' of the events. In her order opening the case, Tardón cites a 'clear and undeniable facilitative management' from Moroccan territory and describes elements of the episode as 'hybrid warfare.' The probe examines possible organised-crime, crimes against the peace or independence of the State, and reckless-homicide charges tied to migrant deaths during the crossing.