Ukraine Strikes Perm and Novoshakhtinsk Oil Refineries, Ulyanovsk Defense Plant, Rostov Radar Stations

Ukraine's Defense Forces carried out a wave of long-range drone strikes overnight into September 25, hitting the Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez oil refinery in Perm (~13 million tonnes/year capacity, roughly 1,500 km from the Ukrainian border) and the Novoshakhtinsk oil refinery in Rostov Oblast (~7.5 million tonnes/year), which halted operations after the strike per the regional governor. Ukrainian forces also struck the Iskra Plant defense-industry facility in Ulyanovsk, two Russian radar stations (a 64L6 Gamma-S1 and a 39N6 Kasta-2E2) in Rostov Oblast, the Efremov Synthetic Rubber Plant in Tula Oblast, and the Voronezhsintezkauchuk synthetic rubber plant in Voronezh Oblast. Zelensky said, 'We are responding to Russia's brutal strikes against life. Last night, thanks to our long-range sanctions, two oil refineries were hit — in Perm and Novoshakhtinsk,' framing the campaign as retaliation for Russia's continued strikes on Ukrainian civilians. Russia's Defense Ministry claimed it intercepted nearly 600 Ukrainian drones overnight; Moscow Times reported at least 2 killed across the industrial sites struck, unconfirmed by Ukraine.