Foreign Policy: Mecca Pact Is a "Pact Without Impact"

Foreign Policy analyst Vasabjit Banerjee argues the Mecca pact will remain "little more than the sum of its parts": it declares mutual defense but establishes no central command system, no path to greater interoperability, and no clear obligations on defense spending or procurement — and the published text does not mention nuclear weapons, leaving the umbrella question as ambiguous as it was after the 2025 SMDA. The piece echoes and sharpens the OSW Centre's earlier "loose alliance" assessment with more specific institutional critiques.