Fundamental Law Enters Force — Thousands Protest in Budapest Streets

Hungary's new Fundamental Law entered into force on January 1, 2012, replacing the old communist-era constitution. On New Year's Eve and the following days, tens of thousands protested in Budapest, forming a human chain on the Elizabeth Bridge and gathering at Astoria square. Protesters waved the old Hungarian flag alongside EU banners, chanting 'Europe! Europe!' The Venice Commission had published a sharply critical opinion in June 2011; the EU Commission warned the law raised concerns on judicial independence and the rights of the Central Bank.