Battle/Massacre of Cajamarca — Atahualpa Captured

Pizarro's 168 men ambush the entourage of Atahualpa at Cajamarca plaza. Friar Valverde presents the 'Requirement' (Requerimiento) — a legal document ordering the Inca to submit to Spain and Christianity — then throws it aside when Atahualpa drops it. The Spanish fire cannon and cavalry charge the unarmed procession of 5,000–8,000 court attendants. In less than two hours, thousands of Inca are killed, Atahualpa is captured, and not a single Spaniard dies. It is the pivotal moment of South American conquest.